Roth IRA Calculator

Project tax-free Roth IRA growth and see how much you'll save in retirement taxes. Updated with 2026 contribution limits ($7,500) and income phase-out thresholds.

Quick answer

A Roth IRA calculator projects the tax-free balance you will have at retirement from your contributions, years invested and expected return. Because Roth contributions are made with after-tax money, qualified withdrawals in retirement — including all growth — are completely tax-free.

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Roth IRA Calculator

Tax-free growth projection with 2026 contribution limits

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Balance at Retirement
Tax-Free Withdrawals
Total Contributions
Total Growth
Tax Savings vs Traditional

Why a Roth IRA Is Powerful for Long-Term Tax-Free Growth

The Roth IRA growth calculator shows what tax-free compound growth looks like over 30+ years. Starting at age 30, contributing the 2026 maximum of $7,500 annually, and earning 7% return per year, you'd accumulate roughly $885,000 by age 65. Every dollar of that growth — potentially $600,000+ in investment gains — comes out completely tax-free in retirement. Compare that to the same money in a Traditional IRA: the balance looks identical while it grows, but at a 22% tax rate on withdrawals, you'd lose over $130,000 of that balance to the IRS when you start drawing income.

The Roth's tax-free withdrawal advantage compounds on top of itself, because you also keep what you would have paid in taxes invested and growing. Younger workers are ideal Roth candidates: they're often in lower tax brackets now (22% or below), so the tax cost of contributing is lower, while retirement decades away allows maximum tax-free compounding. Workers in their 50s with strong incomes should model both scenarios — the Roth still often wins if they expect to stay in the 22%+ bracket in retirement, especially given Roth's estate planning advantage of leaving tax-free money to heirs.

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Tax-Free Compound Growth

Every dollar earned inside a Roth IRA — dividends, capital gains, interest — compounds without any annual tax drag. Over 30 years at 7%, a $100,000 Roth balance grows to $761,000 with zero tax owed on the gain at withdrawal.

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2026 Roth IRA Limits

Contribution limit is $7,500/year for those under 50 and the same $7,500 for 50+ (the catch-up is included in the base limit for 2026). Contributions can be made until Tax Day (typically April 15) for the prior year.

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Income Phase-Out Rules

Single filers earning $150,000–$165,000 and married filers earning $236,000–$246,000 face reduced Roth IRA contribution limits in 2026. Above those ranges, the backdoor Roth conversion remains a widely used alternative strategy.

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Roth vs Traditional Comparison

Roth wins if your retirement tax rate is higher than your current rate. Traditional wins if your current rate is higher. When uncertain, splitting contributions between both accounts hedges against future tax rate changes effectively.

Formula & Logic

A Roth IRA is funded with after-tax dollars and grows completely tax-free, with qualified withdrawals never taxed. Three features distinguish it from a traditional IRA beyond the tax timing. There are no required minimum distributions during the owner's lifetime, so the money can compound untouched indefinitely. Contributions — though not earnings — can be withdrawn at any time without tax or penalty, which makes it a surprisingly flexible emergency reserve. And because the $7,000 limit is an after-tax limit, a maxed Roth shelters more real purchasing power than a maxed traditional account.

FV = PMT × [ ((1 + r)^n − 1) ÷ r ], all of it tax-free at withdrawal2026 limit: $7,000 (+$1,000 catch-up at 50)Income phase-out reduces the allowed contribution above a thresholdQualified withdrawal: age 59½ AND account open 5 years

where:

PMT
annual contribution, capped at $7,000
r
annual return
five-year rule
the account must be open five years for earnings to come out tax-free
backdoor
the route high earners use when income exceeds the phase-out

Assumptions: Contribution eligibility phases out at higher incomes. Withdrawing earnings before 59½ generally triggers tax plus a 10% penalty, though contributions may always be withdrawn freely.

Step-by-Step Example: Maxing a Roth IRA for 30 Years

Contribute the full limit annually and compare the outcome with a taxable account.

  • Annual contribution$7,000
  • Return7%
  • Term30 years
  • Retirement tax rate22%
  1. Growth factor: (1.07³⁰ − 1) ÷ 0.07 = 94.4608.
  2. Future value: $7,000 × 94.4608 = $661,226.
  3. Total contributed: $7,000 × 30 = $210,000.
  4. Growth: $661,226 − $210,000 = $451,226, entirely tax-free.
  5. The same balance in a traditional IRA would owe 22% on withdrawal: $145,470 of tax.
  6. So the Roth is worth $145,470 more at identical contributions and returns.

Result$661,226 — all of it tax-free

That comparison slightly flatters the Roth, because contributing $7,000 to a traditional IRA costs only $5,460 after a 22% deduction. Investing the $1,540 difference makes the two much closer — the genuine Roth advantages are the absent RMDs, the tax-free inheritance and the hedge against future rate rises.

Frequently Asked Questions

2026 Roth IRA limit: $7,500 for all ages (IRS Notice 2025-67). Note: There is no additional catch-up for Roth IRAs in 2026 beyond the base limit, unlike 401(k)s. The 2026 income phase-out for direct Roth contributions: Single filers $150,000-$165,000 (full contribution at $150k, reduced between $150k-$165k, $0 above $165k). Married Filing Jointly: $236,000-$246,000. If over the limit, consider the Backdoor Roth IRA strategy.
The Backdoor Roth IRA is a legal strategy for high-income earners who exceed Roth contribution limits. Step 1: Make a non-deductible Traditional IRA contribution (up to $7,500 in 2026 — no income limit for non-deductible Traditional). Step 2: Convert the Traditional IRA to Roth IRA. Since the contribution was after-tax, most of the conversion is tax-free. Important: Beware the "pro-rata rule" — if you have other pre-tax IRA funds, a portion of the conversion will be taxable. Consult a tax professional for your specific situation.
Roth IRA is generally better if: You are young (decades of tax-free compounding), in the 22% bracket or below, expect higher income or tax rates in retirement, want flexibility (Roth contributions can be withdrawn anytime penalty-free), or plan to leave it to heirs (no Required Minimum Distributions during your lifetime). Traditional IRA is better if: You are in the 32%+ bracket now and expect lower rates in retirement, or need the immediate tax deduction to qualify for other benefits. The chart below often shows Roth winning for younger investors.
Roth IRA has two 5-year rules: (1) For earnings: You must have held any Roth IRA for at least 5 years AND be age 59.5+ to withdraw earnings tax and penalty-free. The clock starts January 1 of the year you make your first contribution to ANY Roth IRA. (2) For Roth conversions: Each conversion has its own 5-year clock — withdrawing converted funds within 5 years triggers a 10% penalty (but not tax, since they were already taxed). Contributions (not earnings) can always be withdrawn tax and penalty-free at any time.

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✔ Reviewed by the True Value Calc editorial team📅 Last updated June 2026📚 Sources: IRS retirement limits, Social Security Administration📑 How we build & check these⚖ Educational estimates only — not financial, tax or legal advice