Amortization Calculator

Generate a full mortgage amortization schedule showing principal vs interest for every payment. See how extra payments save thousands in interest on any 30-year mortgage.

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Amortization Calculator

Full schedule with extra payment savings

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Monthly Payment
Total Payment
Total Interest
Interest Saved
Payoff Date

Year-by-Year Amortization Schedule

YearPaymentPrincipalInterestBalance

How a Mortgage Amortization Schedule Works

A mortgage amortization calculator reveals something most homeowners find surprising: on a $300,000 loan at 6.5%, your very first monthly payment of $1,896 sends roughly $1,625 to the lender as interest and only $271 toward actually paying down the principal. That ratio gradually flips over 30 years, but the early years are overwhelmingly interest-heavy. Viewing a full amortization schedule — every principal vs interest split, year by year — makes this stark reality visible and helps you plan extra payments strategically.

The loan payoff power of small extra payments is dramatic. On that same $300,000 / 6.5% / 30-year loan, paying just $200 extra each month cuts roughly 5.5 years off the loan term and saves over $60,000 in total interest. A one-time $5,000 lump sum early in the loan life saves far more than the same $5,000 paid in year 20, because interest compounds forward. Homeowners who refinance often use an amortization schedule to see exactly how many years of interest they are resetting — information that dramatically changes the math on whether refinancing makes sense.

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Early Payments Are Interest-Heavy

In month one of a typical 30-year mortgage, 85%+ of your payment is pure interest. It takes about 18 years before your principal payment finally exceeds your interest payment each month.

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Extra Payments Save Thousands

Adding $100/month to a $250,000 loan at 6.5% saves roughly $33,000 in interest and cuts 3+ years off the term — without refinancing or changing your loan.

15 vs 30 Year Impact

A 15-year mortgage at 6.0% on $300,000 costs $2,532/month but saves over $130,000 in interest vs a 30-year at 6.5%. Use the schedule to see exactly where that savings comes from.

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Refinance Timing

If you refinance in year 5 of a 30-year loan, you reset to year 1 amortization on the new loan — meaning interest-heavy payments start again. The schedule helps you weigh that cost against rate savings.

Formula & Logic

An amortization schedule is the payment formula applied repeatedly, one row per period, tracking how the balance falls. Each row does the same three things: charge interest on what is currently owed, treat the remainder of the payment as principal, and carry the reduced balance forward. Because the payment is level while the balance shrinks, the interest charge falls every month and the principal portion grows by exactly the same amount — the split moves smoothly rather than in steps. Reading a schedule is the clearest way to see why loan term affects total interest so much more than intuition suggests.

Interest_t = Balance_(t−1) × iPrincipal_t = M − Interest_tBalance_t = Balance_(t−1) − Principal_t

where:

M
the level payment from the mortgage formula
i
periodic interest rate
Balance_t
outstanding principal after payment t
Interest_t
interest charged in period t — never fixed, always balance-driven

Assumptions: Assumes payments arrive exactly on schedule and interest accrues monthly on the outstanding balance. Daily-accrual loans differ slightly, and an extra payment changes every row after it.

Step-by-Step Example: The First Two Rows of a $400,000 Loan

Take the $400,000 30-year loan at 6.5% with its $2,528.27 payment and build the schedule by hand.

  • Opening balance$400,000
  • Monthly rate (i)0.0054167
  • Payment (M)$2,528.27
  1. Month 1 interest: $400,000 × 0.0054167 = $2,166.67.
  2. Month 1 principal: $2,528.27 − $2,166.67 = $361.60.
  3. Month 1 closing balance: $400,000 − $361.60 = $399,638.40.
  4. Month 2 interest, now on the smaller balance: $399,638.40 × 0.0054167 = $2,164.71.
  5. Month 2 principal: $2,528.27 − $2,164.71 = $363.56 — $1.96 more than last month.
  6. Repeat 358 more times; that $1.96 monthly increment itself compounds, which is what bends the curve.

ResultMonth 1: $2,166.67 interest / $361.60 principal — 86% of the payment is interest

After a full year of payments totalling $30,339 the balance has fallen only about $4,471. Adding $200 a month from the start retires this loan roughly five years early and saves over $100,000 in interest, because every extra dollar removes all future interest on itself.

Frequently Asked Questions

An amortization schedule shows every payment over the life of a loan, broken into principal and interest portions. In early payments, most of each payment goes to interest. As the balance decreases, more goes to principal. On a 30-year $300,000 mortgage at 6.5%, the first payment of $1,896 splits as approximately $1,625 interest and $271 principal. By payment 300, it flips to ~$1,884 principal and $12 interest. Understanding this explains why extra early payments are so powerful.
On a $300,000 30-year mortgage at 6.5% (base payment $1,896/month): adding $100/month extra principal payment saves approximately $34,000 in total interest and pays off the loan 3.5 years early. Adding $200/month saves approximately $60,000 and cuts 6 years. The savings are largest in the early years when the balance is highest. Use the Extra Monthly Payment field in this calculator to see your specific numbers.
Amortizing loan: each payment covers both principal reduction and interest, so the loan fully pays off by the end of the term. Interest-only loan: payments cover only interest — the principal stays unchanged until a balloon payment is due or the IO period ends. Amortizing loans build equity steadily. Interest-only loans have lower payments but you owe the same amount at the end of the IO period, and then payments jump sharply when principal repayment begins.
At May 2026 rates: 30-year at ~6.4% vs 15-year at ~5.7%. On a $300,000 loan: 30-year monthly P&I ≈ $1,877 / 15-year ≈ $2,490. The 15-year saves approximately $135,000 in total interest. Rule: if you can comfortably afford the 15-year payment, it is usually the better financial choice. If it would stretch your budget or reduce retirement savings, the 30-year with extra payments gives flexibility while still allowing faster payoff when you have surplus cash.

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✔ Reviewed by the True Value Calc editorial team📅 Last updated June 2026📚 Sources: Freddie Mac PMMS, Consumer Financial Protection Bureau📑 How we build & check these⚖ Educational estimates only — not financial, tax or legal advice