Convert electric potential (voltage) between volts, millivolts, kilovolts, megavolts and CGS units.
Electricity • 7 units
All 7 units on the Voltage Converter are defined against the Volt (V), so each result is one conversion factor away from a single reference rather than the end of a chain of roundings.
The conversion this page is most often opened for is ready before you type anything: 1 V = 1,000 mV. Change either side and every row in the table recalculates with it.
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Voltage — electric potential difference — is the "pressure" that pushes current through a circuit. The unit, the volt (V), is named after Alessandro Volta, who built the first chemical battery (the voltaic pile) in 1800. One volt equals one joule of energy per coulomb of charge.
Everyday voltages span an enormous range: a sensor might output microvolts (µV), logic circuits use millivolts and volts, household mains is 120 V (US) or 230 V (EU), and power transmission lines run at hundreds of kilovolts (kV). Electronics hobbyists, technicians and engineers convert between mV, V and kV constantly when reading datasheets and meters.
Quick reference — 1 Volt (V) is equal to:
| Millivolt | mV | 1,000 |
| Microvolt | µV | 1,000,000 |
| Kilovolt | kV | 0.001 |
| Megavolt | MV | 0.000001 |
| Abvolt | abV | 100,000,000 |
| Statvolt | statV | 0.003335641 |
7 units of voltage, each a fixed multiple of the V. The table spans 100,000,000,000,000:1, from abV (0.00000001 V) to MV (1000000 V). Conversion is one multiplication into the base unit and one division out of it, with no lookup table and no approximation.
value_to = value_from × (factor_from ÷ factor_to)1 V = 1 V1 mV = 0.001 V1 µV = 0.000001 V1 kV = 1000 V1 MV = 1000000 V1 abV = 0.00000001 V1 statV = 299.792 Vwhere:
Assumptions: Factors are exact definitions. Full double precision is carried internally and rounding is applied only for display.
Result25 V = 25000 mV
Potential difference has no meaning at a single point, which is why every voltage is implicitly a measurement against a reference. Ground is a chosen reference rather than a physical absolute, and two instruments referenced to different points can report different voltages for the same node without either being wrong. This is the root of most confusing bench measurements, and the reason oscilloscope ground leads cause damage when clipped to a live point.
Alternating voltages carry a second convention. Mains figures are root-mean-square values chosen so that the AC delivers the same heating as an equal DC voltage, so a 230 V supply peaks at about 325 V and a 120 V supply at about 170 V. Insulation and semiconductor ratings must clear the peak rather than the quoted RMS value, and a meter set to read average or RMS on a distorted waveform will not agree with either.
The instrument itself is part of the measurement. A voltmeter draws a little current through its input impedance, so reading a high-impedance node with a 10 megohm multimeter loads the circuit and depresses the very voltage being measured. The two CGS rows in the table are historical: the abvolt is ten nanovolts, and the statvolt is about 299.79 volts, a number that is simply the speed of light divided by a million, which is the clearest possible signal that these units belong to a different system of equations.