Historical US Inflation Rate by Year

Annual US consumer-price inflation, 2000–2026 — the yearly rate, with the long-run average and recent spikes. ✓ BLS CPI

✔ Reviewed by the True Value Calc editorial team 🗓 Last updated January 2026 📚 Source: US Bureau of Labor Statistics (CPI-U)
2.9%
2025 inflation rate
2.6%
Average, 2000–2026
8.0%
Peak — 2022
2%
Fed target

US Inflation Rate by Year — Chart

Annual CPI-U inflation. The dashed line is the Fed's 2% target.

Annual Inflation Rate

Click a column heading to sort.

Year Inflation rate
20252.9%
20242.9%
20234.1%
20228.0%
20214.7%
20201.2%
20191.8%
20182.4%
20172.1%
20161.3%
20150.1%
20141.6%
20131.5%
20122.1%
20113.2%
20101.6%
2009-0.4%
20083.8%
20072.8%
20063.2%
20053.4%
20042.7%
20032.3%
20021.6%
20012.8%
20003.4%

US Inflation Over the Years

Inflation measures how fast prices rise. Over 2000–2026, US consumer-price inflation averaged around 2.6% a year, but it swung widely — briefly negative in 2009 during the financial crisis, and spiking to 8% in 2022, the highest in four decades, before cooling back toward the Federal Reserve's 2% target. The 2021–2022 surge was driven by pandemic supply-chain disruptions, strong demand and energy prices.

Inflation erodes purchasing power — a dollar buys a little less each year. To keep up, savings and investments generally need to earn more than the inflation rate. See what a past amount is worth in today's money with our inflation calculator (which uses live BLS CPI data), and plan real returns with the compound interest calculator.

How Inflation Is Measured

These figures use the US Bureau of Labor Statistics' Consumer Price Index (CPI-U), the standard US measure. Other countries publish their own — the UK's CPI, Canada's CPI and Australia's CPI — which can differ from the US in any given year, though central banks in these countries also target around 2%.

Historical Inflation — FAQ

Over the long run US consumer-price inflation has averaged around 3% per year, though it swings widely — near zero or negative in some years and into double digits during the early 1980s and again in 2022. The Federal Reserve targets about 2% over time.
Inflation rises when demand outpaces supply, when money supply grows quickly, or when costs like energy and wages climb. Supply shocks (such as oil prices) and pandemic-era disruptions pushed inflation to multi-decade highs in 2021–2022.
Inflation erodes purchasing power — a dollar buys less each year prices rise. Investing to earn more than the inflation rate preserves real value. Use our inflation calculator to see what a past amount is worth in today's dollars.
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